First, let's look at the working principle of the blood oxygen sensor: When you want to measure the blood oxygen saturation, you need to clamp the spo2 sensor probe connected to monitor or the oximeter integrated reading screen and sensor, looking a bit like clip or forcep, onto your finger or earlobe or toe, and then through the beam transmitted by spo2 sensor cross the blood in finger, measure oxygen levels via the absorption of light in the blood.
Then we look at what form the data is in, what information it contains, and how to interpret the displaying data.
1. What kind of data is displayed?
For SpO2 sensor: Generally, in addition to SpO2, other test indicators will be displayed on the patient monitor. For blood oxygen, I only pay attention to SpO2, and SpHbv is related. As a medical consumable accessory, the blood oxygen sensor only obtains the data, and the monitor is responsible for processing and displaying the data. Prescription level spo2 sensor accessories, can refer to the online stores for medical supplies.
For pulse oximeter: Generally, SpO2 and PR are given on the display screen. This kind of products are often referred to as over-the-counter, and are available on some common consumer platforms.
If you want to know more about the measurement of hemoglobin concentration (SpHbv) and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), please refer to the related questions on page 6: https://www.welchallyn.at/content/dam/welchallyn/documents/upload-docs/Internal-Only-Documents/Service/FAQ/Connex-VSM-6000-Series_FAQ.pdf
Do you understand the meaning of PI in the picture? PI is the perfusion index.
For SpHbv, the current common unit is g/L, such as hemoglobin 136g/L; G/dL used before, i.e. 13.6g/dL; g/L = g/dL* 10.
2. What reading is normal or good?
Under normal circumstances, the arterial oxygen saturation of the human body is 98%, and the venous oxygen saturation is 75%. Whether a person is healthy or not can be reflected from the blood oxygen saturation. People with low blood oxygen saturation will appear shortness of breath, lack of energy supply, fatigue and other symptoms.
In general, SpO2 should not be lower than 94%, and below 94% is insufficient oxygen supply. Some scholars even set SpO2 below 90% as the standard of hypoxemia.
In addition, for over-the-counter pulse oximeters, a number of patient factors may affect the accuracy of the measurement, such as black patients who were almost three times more likely than white patients to have occult hypoxemia (low oxygen levels in the blood) than blood gas measurements, which was not detected by pulse oximetry measuring. Refer to the FDA report for details.
PI is the perfusion index. Usually, as a parameter indicator, PI can reflect the limb perfusion status of the tested person. That is, when hypopperfusion occurs, it indicates whether the tested person has its own causes, such as heart problems and shock, and the normal value is 4-5.
PR refers to the frequency of the pulse, bpm is the unit of the pulse, the normal range is 60-100bpm, this number is too large or too small is abnormal. There are two reasons for the pulse rate below 60 beats/min, which are physiological and pathological. The physiological reason can be seen in people who have engaged in sports or heavy physical activity for a long time. Although the pulse rate is less than 60bpm, they are in good health and have no clinical manifestations and are full of energy. The pathologic causes include atrioventricular block, decreased thyroid function, and the need for an artificial pacemaker if it causes syncope, disturbance of consciousness, or affects blood supply to vital organs. For the pulse of more than 100bpm are also divided into physiological and pathological two conditions, physiological reasons are exercise, heavy drinking, emotional excitement. Pathological reasons include hyperthyroidism, high fever, anemia, painful stimulation, heart failure, myocardial disease, arrhythmia, etc., all need to go to the hospital.
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